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Morphometric analysis of nasal cavity volume following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy

Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Morphometric analysis of nasal cavity volume following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy Authors: Koon Zheng Dong (P106605) Abstract: Le Fort I osteotomy is a surgical technique used in orthognathic surgery to reposition the maxilla based on the diagnosis of the skeletal deformity. The maxilla is the base of the nasal cavity, and any surgical movement could lead to changes to the volume of the nasal cavity. There is very limited evidence on the impact of different maxillary surgical movements on the nasal cavity volume alone. This study aims to analyze the threedimensional changes in the nasal cavity following Le Fort I osteotomy based on the different types of vectors of maxillary movement and magnitude. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and surgical records were obtained based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 3D medical imaging software was used to analyse the changes to the nasal cavity. The study found there is an increase in nasal cavity volume if the vector of movement was a combination of down graft with advancement (p<0.05) and if a pure down graft (p>0.05). There was a reduction in nasal cavity volume when the maxillary vector of movement was purely forward or in a combination of backward and impaction or a vector of impaction (p<0.05) and a vector combination of advancement with impaction (p>0.05). No correlation was found between the surgical magnitude changes ratio and the nasal cavity volume changes ratio in all the groups. In conclusion, this study brings forward a clinical consideration that needs to be included when assessing expected individual changes to nasal resistance when performing the Lefort I osteotomy besides the expected skeletal and occlusal changes.

Temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms among youth athletes in Klang Valley

Thu, 11 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms among youth athletes in Klang Valley Authors: Noor Aswani Abu Bakar (P71737) Description: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular condition that involves the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and all related tissues. The cause of TMD is multifactorial and trauma to the mandible and TMJ is suggested to be a strong risk factor, especially among athletes who are involved in a fast-paced physical activity. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out to investigate self-reported TMD symptoms and clinically diagnosed TMD and its related factors among selected youth athletes. This study was conducted in the Klang Valley area from 1st January 2015 until 31st January 2017. Out of 495 respondents included in this study, 154 (31.1%) subjects presented with self-reported TMD symptoms. The most common self-reported TMD symptoms were frequent headaches, neck ache and pain at the tooth area (48.1%), followed by noises from the jaw (44.2%) and difficulty or pain on mouth opening (24.7%). Age, gender, type of sports, training hours and sports injury to the head and neck are significantly related to the presence of self-reported TMD symptoms (p<0.05). Out of 62 subjects with self-reported TMD symptoms who attended a further examination, 67.7% was clinically diagnosed with TMD. Disc displacement (DD) was the most common types of TMD in this study population. Clicking was the most common sign of DD and articular surface flattening is a common sign of degenerative joint disease (DJD). Although wearing protective equipment for the head and neck did not show association with TMD, the extremely small number of athletes with TMD symptoms who reported wearing the said equipment when doing sports activities is alarming and deserves to be highlighted. In conclusion, the presence of self-reported TMD symptoms among youth athletes is a concern and preventive measures should be taken to manage the situation.,Ph.D.

Potensi penjanaan semula tulang oleh sel stem pulpa gigi manusia pada perancah hidroksiapatit dan polikaprolakton

Sat, 13 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Potensi penjanaan semula tulang oleh sel stem pulpa gigi manusia pada perancah hidroksiapatit dan polikaprolakton Authors: Nur Atmaliya Luchman (P84698) Description: Sel stem dari pulpa gigi merupakan sumber alternatif sel stem yang mudah diperolehi untuk kejuruteraan tisu tulang. Kesan penggunaan perancah yang berbeza dalam mempengaruhi keupayaan osteogenik sel stem dari tisu pulpa gigi dan penentuan perancah yang sesuai untuk transplantasi masih kurang diketahui. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keupayaan sel stem dari pulpa gigi desidus (SHED) dan gigi kekal (DPSC) manusia yang dikulturkan pada perancah hidroksiapatit (HA) dan polikaprolakton (PCL) dalam meningkatkan keupayaan pembezaan osteogenik dan penjanaan semula tulang maksila. Sel dipencilkan daripada tisu pulpa gigi desidus dan gigi kekal menggunakan kaedah pencernaan enzim dan dikulturkan sehingga pasaj tiga. Pencirian SHED dan DPSC dilakukan melalui pemerhatian morfologi, analisis proliferasi, pengasaian enzimatik alkalin fosfatase (ALP) dan pengekspresan penanda molekul sel stem. SHED dan DPSC kemudiannya dikulturkan pada perancah HA dan PCL di mana keupayaan proliferasi dan pembezaan osteogenik secara in vitro dikenal pasti sebelum ditransplantasi secara in vivo. Proliferasi sel pada perancah dinilai menggunakan pengasaian MTT manakala analisis morfologi FESEM, pendekatan biokimia melalui pengasaian ALP dan pengekspresan penanda osteoblas telah digunakan untuk menganalisis keupayaan pembezaan osteogenik. Kajian in vivo pula melibatkan transplantasi sel dengan perancah pada kecacatan buatan tulang maksila kiri tikus yang bersaiz 4 mm lebar dengan kedalaman 1.5 mm. Analisis tiga dimensi menggunakan penilaian mikro-tomografi berkomputer (mikro-CT) dan histologi dilakukan selepas enam minggu transplantasi. Sel pra-osteoblas MC3T3-E1 digunakan sebagai kawalan sepanjang kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan SHED dan DPSC yang dipencilkan berupaya melekat pada permukaan kelalang pengkulturan dengan morfologi menyerupai sel fibroblas. Kedua-dua jenis sel juga berupaya berproliferasi dengan menghasilkan jumlah sel viabel yang tinggi dan membeza kepada sel osteoblas. Namun begitu, SHED menunjukkan keupayaan proliferasi dan pembezaan osteoblas yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding DPSC. Analisis pengekspresan gen menunjukkan kehadiran pengekspresan penanda sel stem mesenkima Cd73+, Cd105+, Cd146+, Cd11b-, Cd34- dan Cd45-. Kedua-dua jenis perancah didapati berupaya menyokong pertumbuhan SHED dan DPSC yang menunjukkan sifat biokompatibiliti perancah. Tanda awal pembezaan kepada sel osteoblas hanya dapat dikesan pada perancah PCL. Walau bagaimanapun, sel-sel pada perancah HA menunjukkan potensi pembezaan osteoblas yang lebih berkesan dengan pembentukan nodul bermineral yang ketara, pengaktifan penanda osteoblas (Runx2+, Col1+, Alp+, Ocn+) dan peningkatan signifikan (p<0.05) pada kadar aktiviti ALP selari dengan kesan aruhan osteoblas yang berpanjangan. SHED pada perancah HA juga telah menunjukkan peningkatan pada proliferasi sel seiring dengan peningkatan ciri fenotip osteoblas berbanding DPSC. Analisis mikro-CT bersama pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin mengesahkan hasil analisis in vitro yang menunjukkan pembentukan tulang baru oleh SHED dan DPSC adalah lebih berkesan secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada perancah HA berbanding PCL serta disokong oleh analisis imunohistokimia yang turut mengesahkan pengekspresan ketara penanda tulang ALP dan osteokalsin. Kesimpulannya, SHED dan DPSC menunjukkan keserasian yang lebih baik bersama perancah HA. Kajian ini menunjukkan potensi besar penggunaan kombinasi sel stem dari pulpa gigi manusia bersama perancah HA dalam menjana semula tulang baru untuk aplikasi klinikal berasaskan kaedah kejuruteraan tisu tulang,Ijazah Doktor Falsafah

In vitro determination of antibacterial activity of olive oil on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum

Wed, 28 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: In vitro determination of antibacterial activity of olive oil on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum Authors: Wahidatunur Musa (P77112) Description: Olive oil has been identified and used in many fields includes food industries, agriculture and health. It is suggested that phenolic compound and hydroxytyrosol are the active components in the olive oil contributed to the antimicrobial property. To date, limited information or research available on antimicrobial activity of olive oil towards oral pathogen although research has found that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to the oil. This study was conducted to identify the potential of olive oil as an anti-bacterial agent towards three periodontopathogen namely Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of crude extra virgin olive oil, phenolic compound and hydroxytyrosol on the bacterial viability using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), bacteria physiological changes through anti-adhesion test using crystal violet staining and bacterial morphological changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results shown that all the extracts have bactericidal effects towards A.actinomycetemcomitans and F.nucleatum and bacteriostatic effects on P.gingivalis. Bacteria biofilm adhesion of all tested bacteria was interrupted by the extracts and the biofilm inhibited by hydroxytyrosol towards A.actinomycetemcomitans was higher when compared to amoxicillin. Based on SEM findings, there were disruption of bacterial cell surfaces after exposure to the extracts such as blebs formation, shrinkage and disintegration of cell. In conclusion, olive oil has anti-bacterial activity towards A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum.,Doctor In Clinical Dentistry (Periodontology)